First perform:

sudo apt-get install libldap2-dev
sudo apt-get install libsasl2-dev

Then execute, OK:

pip install python-ldap

参考博文内容：

These are the steps to be followed to install python-ldap in Ubuntu. At first,

sudo apt-get install python-ldap

would throw the following error

In file included from Modules/LDAPObject.c:4:0:
Modules/common.h:10:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

To get past this error, we need to install python-dev package

sudo apt-get install python-dev

After installing that we ll get the following error

In file included from Modules/LDAPObject.c:9:0:
Modules/errors.h:8:18: fatal error: lber.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.

To get past this error, we need to install ldap2-dev package

sudo apt-get install libldap2-dev

After installing that we ll get the following error

Modules/LDAPObject.c:18:18: fatal error: sasl.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

To get past this error, we need to install libsasl2-dev package

sudo apt-get install libsasl2-dev

After that

sudo apt-get install python-ldap

should install python-ldap without any problems.