Category Archives: Linux

[Solved] failed to sync branch You might need to open a shell and debug the state of this repo.

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failed to sync branch You might need to open a shell and debug the state of this repo.

I made some changes to a file a month ago. I just realized today that they didn’t go anywhere; the GitHub web-site has no history of my changes.

The client has no indication that anything is out of date (there are no “uncommitted changes”). But there are “unsynced commits”:

enter image description here

How do i sync unsynced commits?

I tried nothing, and I’m fresh out of ideas

I tried clicking the sync button (whatever that means), but all I get (after a progress bar moves for about 7 seconds) is:

failed to sync branch
You might need to open a shell and debug the state of this repo.

enter image description here

Clicking OPEN SHELL, causes a powershell prompt to appear, where i type:

debug the state of this repo

But that doesn’t seem to do it:

enter image description here

How do i sync unsynced commits in the GitHub for Windows client?

Solution:
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git

The prompt says there is no such directory as .git, the solution is as follows.

git init will work

e297: write error in swap file

Out of disk space:

[root@ipservice fountain]# df -h
Filesystem                                                                                       Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/docker-8:3-6030754-44afc5875f379319fb0afa57bb0b90d864efd92d015e540451644daad8694970   99G   99G     0 100% /
tmpfs                                                                                             63G     0   63G   0% /dev
shm                                                                                               64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                                                                                             63G     0   63G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3                                                                                        197G  3.7G  184G   2% /etc/hosts
tmpfs                                                                                             63G  140M   63G   1% /run

 

nfs load errorwrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock

Today, when building WordPress on kubernetes cluster, PV NFS storage mode is used for persistence, but pod can’t run all the time, kubectl describe pod {WordPress pod name} the error is as follows:

mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on 125.64.41.244:/data/img,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error
       (for several filesystems (e.g. nfs, cifs) you might
       need a /sbin/mount.<type&> helper program)
       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail  or so

My WordPress service is deployed to kubernetes cluster, the host is Tencent cloud, and NFS is deployed to alicloud. I searched the Internet and said that is not installed mount.nfs leads to the need to install on my Tencent virtual machine mount.nfs there will be no wrong FS type, bad option, bad superblock error prompts.

According to the error prompt, check the /SBIN/mount. & lt; type &> file, and it is found that there is no /SBIN/ mount.nfs file, install NFS utils .

Solutions

Execute the following command on Ubuntu:

apt-get install nfs-common

On CentOS:

yum install nfs-utils -y

After installation, there are two more mount files under /SBIN/, which are mount files mount.nfs and mount.nfs4 ：

Copy the code as follows

[root@master ~]# ll /sbin/mount*
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 117432 Aug  9 09:17 /sbin/mount.nfs
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      9 Jan  6 17:43 /sbin/mount.nfs4 -> mount.nfs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  41563 Aug  9 09:16 /sbin/mountstat

 

 

LINUX: How to Fix Ping Warning unknown host www.google.com

Warning:

[root@localhost~]# ping www.google.com
ping: unknown host www.google.com

First see if you can ping through the router, and the router can connect to the external network

[root@localhost ~]# ping 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=123 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=175 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=196 ms
^C
— 8.8.8.8 ping statistics —
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 123.681/165.315/196.354/30.601 ms

If there is no problem with network security and you can ping through

Make sure the DNS servers are set up, if not, it is recommended to set up DNS service,

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain

Because my DNS is not set up, I can’t ping the external network.

[root@localhost ~]#vi /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver (My IPs)

Or join (gateway)

Ensure that the gateway is set up :

[root@localhost ~]# grep GATEWAY /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg*
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736:GATEWAY=192.168.100.2

If it is not set, you can add the gateway as follows:

# route add default gw 192.168.100.2

Determine the available dns resolution

# grep hosts /etc/nsswitch.conf

[root@localhost ~]# grep hosts /etc/nsswitch.conf
#hosts: db files nisplus nis dns
hosts: files dns

Fixed this issue and the ping www.google.com

[root@localhost ~]# ping www.google.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (183.232.231.173) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 183.232.231.173: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=31.9 ms
64 bytes from 183.232.231.173: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=26.0 ms
64 bytes from 183.232.231.173: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=26.0 ms
64 bytes from 183.232.231.173: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=25.4 ms
64 bytes from 183.232.231.173: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=25.6 ms
64 bytes from 183.232.231.173: icmp_seq=6 ttl=128 time=37.5 ms
64 bytes from 183.232.231.173: icmp_seq=7 ttl=128 time=27.3 ms

 

[C language] Multi-file compilation under linux

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Under Linux, use the command to compile

Using the gcc -c file.c command will generate a corresponding file.o.

After compiling all the .c files, use the command gcc ao bo co -o main to generate a linux executable file in the current directory

Then use the ./main command to run the C program

Take the previous simple linked list as an example

[root@iZwz94jyld0skyrwc1772eZ yeyeck]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1795 Sep  8 21:16 list.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1583 Sep  8 21:16 list.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1956 Sep  8 21:16 movies.c
[root@iZwz94jyld0skyrwc1772eZ yeyeck]# gcc -c list.c
[root@iZwz94jyld0skyrwc1772eZ yeyeck]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1795 Sep  8 21:16 list.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1583 Sep  8 21:16 list.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2712 Sep  8 21:28 list.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1956 Sep  8 21:16 movies.c
[root@iZwz94jyld0skyrwc1772eZ yeyeck]# gcc -c movies.c
[root@iZwz94jyld0skyrwc1772eZ yeyeck]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1795 Sep  8 21:16 list.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1583 Sep  8 21:16 list.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2712 Sep  8 21:28 list.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1956 Sep  8 21:16 movies.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4000 Sep  8 21:28 movies.o
[root@iZwz94jyld0skyrwc1772eZ yeyeck]# gcc movies.o list.o -o movies
[root@iZwz94jyld0skyrwc1772eZ yeyeck]# ll
total 36
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1795 Sep  8 21:16 list.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1583 Sep  8 21:16 list.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2712 Sep  8 21:28 list.o
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13480 Sep  8 21:29 movies
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1956 Sep  8 21:16 movies.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4000 Sep  8 21:28 movies.o
[root@iZwz94jyld0skyrwc1772eZ yeyeck]# ./movies
Enter first movie title:
yyy
Enter your rating <0-10>:
5
Enter next movie title (empty line to stop):
uuu
Enter your rating <0-10>:
6
Enter next movie title (empty line to stop):
iii
Enter your rating <0-10>:
3
Enter next movie title (empty line to stop):

Here is the mpvie list:
Movie: yyy, Rating: 5
Movie: uuu, Rating: 6
Movie: iii, Rating: 3
You entered 3 movies. 
Bye!
[root@iZwz94jyld0skyrwc1772eZ yeyeck]#

linux: How to Remove You have new mail /var/spool/mail/root

Sometimes when you enter the system, you are often prompted to have new mail in/var/spool/mail/root. If you find it annoying, you can solve it like this:

Command line input: echo “unset mail check” > > & etc/profile

It means [append unset mail check to the end of the file/etc/profile], and you will not be prompted after logging in again.

Cocopods: You don’t have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory.

When I was install cocoapods

command: sudo gem install cocopods

warning:

tiantaodeMacBook-Pro:~ tiantao$ sudo gem install cocoapods

ERROR: While executing gem … (Gem::FilePermissionError)

You don’t have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory.

How to Solve?

sudo gem install cocoapods -n /usr/local/bin

Ubuntu Resolution Change xrandr Failed to get size of gamma for output default

1.Questions

Version information description: Ubuntu 16.04 lts

After installing Ubuntu, resolution and display do not match . The xrandr command cannot give relevant information. So we tried different methods.

2.Xrandr — addnewmode

This is the most frequently answered method on stackoverflow

gtf 1920 1080 60

1920×1080 resolution, 60Hz refresh rate

So you get a modeline:

"1920x1080_60.00"  172.80  1920 2040 2248 2576  1080 1081 1084 1118  -HSync +Vsync

Copy this line and run it

xrandr --newmode "1920x1080_60.00" 172.80 1920 2040 2248 2576 1080 1081 1084 1118 -HSync +Vsync

Add one more:

xrandr --addmode VGA1 "1920x1080_60.00"

Here, vga1 can be HDM and others (have no idea about this)

Finally:

xrandr --output VGA1 --mode "1920x1080_60.00"

But their own is to run xrandr can not give a response, there are errors. So it doesn’t work.

3.xorg.conf

1 sudo vim /etc/xorg.conf

Copy the following:

Section "Monitor"
        Identifier   "Monitor0"
        VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
        ModelName    "Monitor Model"
        HorizSync   28.0 - 70.0
        VertRefresh     56.0 - 75.0
EndSection


Section "Device"
        Identifier  "VMware SVGA"
        Driver      "vesa"
EndSection


Section "Screen"
        Identifier "Screen0"
        Device     "Card0"
        Monitor    "Monitor0"
        SubSection "Display"
                Viewport   0 0
                Depth     24
                Modes     "1920x1080_60.00"
        EndSubSection
EndSection

: WQ! (save)

Restart and it’s successful.

4.Postscript

You also see a way to change the grub startup file. But it didn’t work for me.

Install texlive 2018 in Ubuntu and complete macro package update (some screenshots and code are 2016 version)

Download address of texlive in the latest version of ctan

https://www.tug.org/texlive/acquire-iso.html

There is a link to download the latest version of ISO seed problem of texlive under this page.

#2018
https://www.tug.org/texlive/files/texlive2018-20180414.iso.torrent

There are many download sources for texlive in China, and now only Tsinghua University and Alibaba cloud are taken as examples.

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/#
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/CTAN/systems/texlive/

Find the commonly used ISO distribution and application tools installation package to download directly. Click the application software. The download link of Tsinghua University texlive2018 is as follows

#2018 version
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/Images/texlive2018-20180414.iso
#2020 version
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/Images/texlive2020-20200406.iso

Alicloud download link:

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/CTAN/systems/texlive/Images/

Select the corresponding version to download.

Download can use WGet to download, or copy ISO file to system directory on windows.

After downloading, you can mount the ISO image.

The official ctan ISO website is as follows.

mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop,noauto /ISOFileDictory/texlive2018-20180414.iso /mnt

The mount record of this machine is as follows:

dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo mount -o loop texlive2018-20180414.iso /mnt/
mount: /home/dell/texlive2016.iso is already mounted
dell@DELL-Server:~$ ls /mnt/
archive      install-tl               LICENSE.CTAN  readme-html.dir    release-texlive.txt  tlpkg
autorun.inf  install-tl-advanced.bat  LICENSE.TL    readme-txt.dir     source               tl-tray-menu.exe
index.html   install-tl-windows.bat   README        README.usergroups  texlive-doc
dell@DELL-Server:~$

Installation command

dell@DELL-Server:~$ cd /mnt/
dell@DELL-Server:/mnt$ sudo ./install-tl --gui

The command can be installed in graphical interface.

The installation process and complete screenshot are as follows.

There are many installation options in the installation interface. Click Install textlive directly without special requirements to wait for the installation process to complete.

When the installation is complete, uninstall the image.

sudo umount /mnt

You can also extract ISO and copy it to Linux system. The method of copying files will not be repeated here.

Add environment variables.

# TeX Live 2016
#Commands can be copied and run directly, one command at a time
export TeXLiveMANPATH=/urs/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/man
export TeXLiveINFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/info
# X64
export TeXLivePATH=/usr/local/texlive/2018/bin/x86_64-linux

The specific installation path is subject to the directory selected during installation.

The running results are as follows:

dell@DELL-Server:~$ export TeXLiveMANPATH=/urs/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/man
dell@DELL-Server:~$ export TeXLiveINFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/info
dell@DELL-Server:~$ export TeXLivePATH=/usr/local/texlive/2018/bin/x86_64-linux
dell@DELL-Server:~$ echo $TeXLiveMANPATH
/urs/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/man
dell@DELL-Server:~$ echo $TeXLiveINFOPATH
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/info
dell@DELL-Server:~$ echo $TeXLivePATH
/usr/local/texlive/2018/bin/x86_64-linux
dell@DELL-Server:~$

It is recommended to copy windows fonts to Linux before installation. The method of copying Fonts is the same as that of copying ISO decompressed files. Wait for font installation to complete before installing texlive.

Create the winfonts folder under the font directory of Linux system (optional), provided that the font has been copied to the Linux host.

#Create a Windows font file directory with a customizable name
dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts
# View the directory
dell@DELL-Server:~$ ls /usr/share/fonts/
cmap  opentype  truetype  type1  WindowsFonts  X11

Copy the font to the winfonts folder.

dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo cp /home/dell/Fonts/* /usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts/
#View font copy
dell@DELL-Server:~$ ls /usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts/

Install the font command.

dell@DELL-Server:mkfontscale
dell@DELL-Server:mkfontdir
dell@DELL-Server:sudo fc-cache -fv
dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo fc-cache -fsv
/usr/share/fonts: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 6 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts: caching, new cache contents: 1188 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 4 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings/large: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc: caching, new cache contents: 59 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/util: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-cns1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-gb1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-japan1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-japan2: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-korea1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/mondulkiri: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto: caching, new cache contents: 36 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/opendyslexic: caching, new cache contents: 9 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/stix: caching, new cache contents: 29 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/stix-word: caching, new cache contents: 5 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 38 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/abyssinica: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ancient-scripts: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/arphic: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/capture-it-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/croscore: caching, new cache contents: 12 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/daniel-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu: caching, new cache contents: 21 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-guru-extra: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont: caching, new cache contents: 12 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/hvd-bodedo-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/jenna-sue-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kacst: caching, new cache contents: 15 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kacst-one: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lao: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lato: caching, new cache contents: 18 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation: caching, new cache contents: 16 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/limelight-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lobster-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-punjabi: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/nanum: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/noto: caching, new cache contents: 175 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/open-sans-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 10 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/openoffice: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/operating-instructions-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/padauk: caching, new cache contents: 4 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/plainblack-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 6 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/raleway-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 9 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/redacted-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto/hinted: caching, new cache contents: 18 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto-mono-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 10 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/sinhala: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/takao-gothic: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/takao-mincho: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/tibetan-machine: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/tlwg: caching, new cache contents: 58 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-khmeros-core: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu-font-family: caching, new cache contents: 13 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/unfonts-core: caching, new cache contents: 12 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/type1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/type1/gsfonts: caching, new cache contents: 35 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/local/share/fonts: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 6 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/X11: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 4 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/cmap: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/opentype: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/truetype: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 38 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/type1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/var/cache/fontconfig: cleaning cache directory
fc-cache: succeeded
dell@DELL-Server:~$

Installing texlive on the Ubuntu network is relatively simple. You only need to execute a command and wait for the installation to complete.

First, install the underlying dependency software.

sudo apt-get install libdigest-perl-md5-perl perl-tk
sudo apt install texlive-full

However, there is a drawback in this method, that is, the macro package (including all Debian and Ubuntu distributions) cannot be updated.

When we execute orders

tlmgr update -all

We can use it

There will be errors from time to time. The error information is as follows:

jiangjuan@OptiPlex-390:~$ tlmgr update --all
(running on Debian, switching to user mode!)
cannot setup TLPDB in /home/jiangjuan/texmf at /usr/bin/tlmgr line 5604.

Other tlmgr commands are also invalid. So we need another way to install texlive. This is described below.

All macro packages in the installation image are packaged versions, and some packages will be updated after the release of the Ubuntu installation source. This method can solve the problem that the version of the installation source software cannot be updated in real time. Some Debian distributions have problems executing tlmgr commands. A solution is given below.

First, execute the command:

#must install perl-tk
sudo apt install git perl-tk

Install git client, GIT client can clone GitHub code to local. After Git is completed, see the figure below.

Install TL Ubuntu GitHub address.

https://github.com/scottkosty/install-tl-ubuntu .

The following is an important part. First, GIT synchronizes the install TL Ubuntu code to the local machine and installs it. The code is as follows:

#Clone the code
git clone https://github.com/scottkosty/install-tl-ubuntu.git
# switch to the installation directory
cd cd install-tl-ubuntu
#Give the installer executable permissions
chmod +x . /install-tl-ubuntu
#Start the installation
sudo . /install-tl-ubuntu
# Check the installation help documentation, here is part of it
jiangjuan@jiangjuan-machine:~/install-tl-ubuntu$ ./install-tl-ubuntu --help | more

  USAGE
  sudo ./install-tl-ubuntu [OPTIONS]

  DESCRIPTION
  This script uses the TeX Live 2016 installer to install TeX Live so that LaTeX
  packages can be updated through CTAN with tlmgr. To do this, the official TeX
  Live 2016 installer is downloaded and used and apt is informed that TeX
  dependencies are satisfied. Thus, when you want to install a program with
  apt-get that depends on TeX Live, apt will not try to install the TeX Live
  packages from the Ubuntu repositories.

  If this script detects a previous TeX Live installation installed to the same
  place (/opt/texbin), the link will be updated to the new installation but the
  old installation (the place /opt/texbin points to) will not be removed and
  should be removed manually by the user if desired.

  This script must be run with sudo. Many recommend not installing TeX Live with
  sudo, in which case this script must be altered (please send a patch or post
  an enhancement request).

--More-

Wait for the program to automatically select the installation source and complete the installation without manual intervention.

Tip: it should be noted that this method needs a stable network environment, otherwise repeated re installation may occur.

After the program is installed, an option texlive package manager will be added to the start menu, through which macro package update and management can be completed.

Tip: software function bugs may be fixed as the author updates the software.

After the installation, check the software installation and execute the command.

xelatex -version

The sample code of latex is as follows. Windows copies the code directly to the text editor (Notepad + + and so on) and saves it as the English name. Tex (Linux has no such limitation). You can open it again in the text editor or compile it directly by command.

\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{ctex}
%\usepackage{ctex}%(PDF)For the LaTeX compilation method, select this line and comment out the previous line of code
\begin{document}
Hello, China.

Pythagorean law
$$a^2+b^2=c^2$$

Happy TeXing.
\end{document}

Linux system can save the code to/home/Dell/document/tex/Hello directory, which is the author’s computer directory. You can choose to save the directory or put it to any other directory according to the actual situation.

/home/dell/file/tex/Hello/hello.tex

The operation steps of compiling Linux files are as follows:

#Switch to the tex source file directory
cd /home/dell/documentation/Hello/
#xelatex command to compile the file, with other options
xelatex hello.tex

Wait for the compilation process to complete.

Here is a compilation process.

jiangjuan@jiangjuan-machine:~/test$ xelatex test.tex
This is XeTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-0.99992 (TeX Live 2015/Debian) (preloaded format=xelatex)
 restricted \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode
(./test.tex
LaTeX2e <2016/02/01&>
Babel <3.9q&> and hyphenation patterns for 81 language(s) loaded.
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/book.cls
Document Class: book 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/bk10.clo))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty
For additional information on amsmath, use the `?' option.
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctex.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/expl3.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/expl3-code.tex)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3xdvipdfmx.def))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/xparse/xparse.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/l3keys2e/l3keys2e.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctexhook.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctexpatch.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/fix-cm.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1enc.def))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ms/everysel.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/config/ctexopts.cfg)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/engine/ctex-engine-xetex.def
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xecjk/xeCJK.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/xtemplate/xtemplate.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fontspec/fontspec.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fontspec/fontspec-xetex.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/fontenc.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/euenc/eu1enc.def)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/euenc/eu1lmr.fd))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xunicode/xunicode.sty
(/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/tipa/t3enc.def
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/euenc/eu1lmss.fd))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphicx.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/keyval.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphics.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/trig.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/graphics.cfg)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xetex-def/xetex.def
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/infwarerr.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ltxcmds.sty)))))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fontspec/fontspec.cfg)))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xecjk/xunicode-addon.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xunicode/xunicode.sty
*** Reloading Xunicode for encoding 'EU1' ***
) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xecjk/xunicode-extra.def)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xecjk/xeCJK.cfg))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xecjk/xeCJKfntef.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/ulem/ulem.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/environ/environ.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/trimspaces/trimspaces.sty))
(/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/CJK/CJKfntef.sty)))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/zhnumber/zhnumber.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/zhnumber/zhnumber-utf8.cfg))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/scheme/ctex-scheme-chinese.def
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/config/ctex-name-utf8.cfg))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/indentfirst.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctex-c5size.clo)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/fontset/ctex-fontset-fandol.def
*************************************************
* fontspec warning: "script-not-exist"
*
* Font 'FandolSong-Regular' does not contain script 'CJK'.
*************************************************
)) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/config/ctex.cfg)
No file test.aux.
(/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/tipa/t3cmr.fd)
ABD: EverySelectfont initializing macros

LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `OMX/cmex/m/n' in size <10.53937&> not available
(Font)              size <10.95&> substituted on input line 6.

[1] (./test.aux)

LaTeX Font Warning: Size substitutions with differences
(Font)              up to 0.41063pt have occurred.

 )
Output written on test.pdf (1 page).
Transcript written on test.log.
jiangjuan@jiangjuan-machine:~/test$
jiangjuan@jiangjuan-machine:~/test$ ls
test.aux  test.log  test.pdf  test.tex  WhoLogIn.sh
jiangjuan@jiangjuan-machine:~/test$