Install docker by referring to the official documentation and execute the command

sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

Throw an exception after

https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/2.1903/x86_64/stable/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.


 One of the configured repositories failed (Docker CE Stable - x86_64),
 and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only
 safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:

     1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.

     2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working
        upstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newer
        distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the
        packages for the previous distribution release still work).

     3. Run the command with the repository temporarily disabled
            yum --disablerepo=docker-ce-stable ...

     4. Disable the repository permanently, so yum won't use it by default. Yum
        will then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it
        again or use --enablerepo for temporary usage:

            yum-config-manager --disable docker-ce-stable
        or
            subscription-manager repos --disable=docker-ce-stable

     5. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.
        Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,
        so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much
        slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice
        compromise:

            yum-config-manager --save --setopt=docker-ce-stable.skip_if_unavailable=true

failure: repodata/repomd.xml from docker-ce-stable: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/2.1903/x86_64/stable/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found

After investigation, it is found that it is in the warehouse configuration  $ releasever   Cause not found

It can be solved simply by modifying the warehouse configuration file.

Solution

1. Open the warehouse configuration file: vim /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

2. Editing docker-ce-stable Baseurl value for

[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
# baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/stable
baseurl=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable

After saving and exiting, the installation command can be executed normally

sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io